Category Archives: Sexual Health

SEX, DRUGS, GAY MEN (AND A ‘FAG-HAG’)

SEX, DRUGS, GAY MEN (AND A ‘FAG-HAG’)

2017-02-28

The acclaimed play, The Chemsex Monologues, will hit Adelaide Fringe in 2017. Rachel Cook spoke with director Luke Davies about the show which tackles the phenomenon of chemsex.

In 2015, VICE released a documentary on the world of gay men, drugs and sex called Chemsex. The documentary explored the phenomenon among the UK’s MSM community.

How we tackle chemsex and the surrounding risks is being looked at by health organisations and the media, but The Chemsex Monologues offers another way of looking at the world of chemically enhanced sex, by allowing the audience to meet characters who live in this world.

The UK based Dragonflies Theatre, have managed to produce five plays in their short lifespan. Founded in the summer of 2015 all their shows have been written by playwright Patrick Cash and directed by Luke Davies. Davies says so far all of them have concentrated on LGBTQI issues.

“We’ve made shows about drag culture, about the history of queer activism, and about gay men’s sexual health,” Davies tells Blaze.

Currently, as well as working on The Chemsex Monologues the company is producing a show called The HIV Monologues, which will be performed at the Ace Hotel in London. That play, as well as The Chemsex Monologues, has recently been published by Oberon Books.

“Our aim is to make accessible and engaging theatre about issues affecting the LGBTQI community,” Davies says, “we’re especially keen to reach out to people who might not normally go to the theatre.”

The Chemsex Monologues is a series of five interweaving monologues that span a period of two years. There’s a narrator who is new to the chemsex scene and who finds himself taking G and crystal meth for the first time; a club night poster boy who falls madly in love with a pornstar; Cath, a fag hag who is looking to celebrate being single on Valentine’s Day with her best friend Steve and a sexual health worker who takes a bottle of wine to his first chillout party.

Davies said that it was important for them to present the chemsex scene in a non-judgmental way and to steer clear of sensationalism.

“We’ve always felt that it’s not our duty as a theatre company to make a statement about how people should behave, or to issue a health warning,” Davies says.

“Instead, our role is to tell the stories of the people involved in as understanding a manner as possible. That said – we’ve been careful not to downplay the seriousness of the issues involved for many people – and the play tackles head-on difficult subjects like drug dependency, mental health and intimacy issues.”

The ‘fag-hag’ while historically innate in the world of gay men is an often left out character in queer theatre. Davies says when Cash was researching the play and interviewing people involved on the chillout scene – people often spoke about characters like Cath.

“I think she’s a brilliant addition to the play, because she offers an outsider’s insight. She’s got a two year old daughter, but has arranged for her to be looked after so she can spend the night with her best friend Steve. She’s not expecting a night of chemsex – but she has in the past been to chillouts with Steve so she’s not phased,” Davies says.

“Her insight is interesting because having had a kid, she hasn’t been on the scene for a while – and she sees how it’s evolved so that it’s less of the party vibe and more about the sex. Her concern for Steve, who has started injecting and has lost a lot of weight, is one of the most touching moments of the play.”

Initially performed at the King’s Head Theatre in London in May 2016, The Chemsex Monologues has since been performed elsewhere in the UK since. In all of the performances the audiences have been broad and the feedback has been positive.

“The play has gone down really well. We’ve had great reviews in the UK, and audiences have been really responsive.

“We’ve had people from all walks of life come and see the play – and whether they’ve had first-hand experience of chemsex, or whether they’d just seen a headline about it, the general response has been that the play helped them to better understand the human dimension of an issue that is often discussed in a clinically detached way as an “issue”.”

Davies continues:

“Earlier in 2016 we performed the piece for healthcare professionals at the European Chemsex Forum. That was a bit nerve wracking, but in the end I think they were one of the most appreciative audiences we’ve had.”

While artists and critics will always debate the issue of ‘the responsibility of the artist’ when tackling controversial issues, how realistic is it to avoid the dangers of chemsex?  There’s a fine line between opening up an experience to an audience and battering them over the head with rhetoric. Davies says he hopes audiences come away with a deeper understanding of why people are attracted to chemsex.

“I think we’re keen for audiences to recognise that there’s a lot about the chemsex scene that is troubling, and that sometimes people are drawn into it for the wrong reasons. But hopefully the play doesn’t leave audiences feeling despondent about these issues, or that combining sex and drugs is an inherent evil.

“I’d like to think that the play encourages a positive response: without shying away from the sometimes destructive impact of chemsex, it asks what can be done collectively to caution against these dangers. Hopefully it does this without demonising or attempting to enforce some kind of behavioural code.”

The Chemsex Monologues heads to Australia in 2017 for the Adelaide Fringe Festival followed by a season in Sydney, after that it’s back to London with a different cast followed by (a yet to be confirmed) season at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.

Gynopedia: The international online resource for women’s sexual and reproductive health

Gynopedia: The international online resource for women’s sexual and reproductive health

A new online resource to help women access sexual, reproductive and health care across the world has launched.

Gynopedia was set up by Lani Fried, a woman from San Francisco who realised she had no idea how to access contraception as she prepared for her travels across Asia. On the website there is information about contraception and emergency contraception, sexually transmitted infections, menstrual products, pregnancy and abortion all relevant to the city where the user is needing to access these services.

“I started Gynopedia because I couldn’t find anything like it,” she told The Independent.  “When I began preparing for my travels, I realised that I had no idea how I would get birth control in the 12 or so Asian countries that I planned to visit and that was just the tip of the iceberg. How about annual pap smears? What if I got pregnant? This lack of information has been a constant theme in my life and I assumed that many other women felt the same way. Time and time again, I have needed advice from local people and lacked an online resource. This made me enraged yet wildly inspired and so Gynopedia was born.”

The website looks a lot like Wikipedia and was made using MediaWiki from “a tiny budget” paid for out of Lani’s own pocket and set up from her budget hotel room in Hanoi, Vietnam. Anyone can contribute to the site, much like Wikipedia, however, Lani stresses that due to the historically low rate of female contributors to Wikipedia (in 2011 the figure was put at 10 per cent) she is hoping the site encourages more female contributors.

“Every day, I add information to Gynopedia and other people add information with no financial compensation. It is a lot of work to develop and manage an information-rich site with no profits but it is incredibly rewarding.”

Currently, 77 countries are covered by Gynopedia but she hopes information on more countries will soon be available. The page is so far only in English but Lani hopes this will change as the site grows.

The current issues women face when trying to access this information in other countries is that they may not know the laws and social stigma around reproductive and sexual health. Other dilemmas may be something as simple as not knowing how to say certain words or phrases when trying to access medical advice and treatment in foreign countries.

“Women may not know which clinics or gynaecologists they can trust and where they can feel safe and respected as well as which health options are accessible and affordable. As women, we are often aware of how religion, politics, culture and history can play a role in health care in our home countries. However, we may not be aware of how these factors work in other countries,” Lani says.

Another incentive for Lani was the renewed concern she and many women in her home country have over their reproductive rights since Donald Trump became President of the United States in January. Within the first few days of taking office, the Trump administration reinstated the Mexico City Policy which will block funding for any international NGOs or health clinic that so much as mention abortions for women looking for pregnancy advice. Days later, the speaker of the House of Representatives said they will vote to defund Planned Parenthood – one of the largest providers of sexual and reproductive health in the United States.

“The Trump administration is attacking women’s reproductive rights, and it’s attempting to reverse years of hard-fought battles and social progress,” Lani says. “In this climate, it is crucial that people raise their voices and get involved. There are so many ways to do this, and one of the ways is to contribute information to Gynopedia. When people contribute to Gynopedia, they let people know about the laws and their reproductive rights. They let people know what options are available to them, how they can pay for these resources and who can help them. When women share wisdom and resources, we empower one another to fight for accessibility, affordability and choice.”

Lani also hopes the site will help to educate men who are also searching for advice and information

Sex and gender education in schools: Government’s resource kit very mature, addresses even homosexuality issues

Sex and gender education in schools: Government’s resource kit very mature, addresses even homosexuality issues

2017-02-23

In India, equipping adolescents with adequate sexual and reproductive health information and shaping a gender-progressive attitude in them has historically been ignored.

In India, equipping adolescents with adequate sexual and reproductive health information and shaping a gender-progressive attitude in them has historically been ignored. With sex and gender education dealt with perfunctorily in school curricula—take the out-of-school adolescents into account, and the problem worsens—and adults choosing to either sweep queries under the carpet or remain tight-lipped, many adolescents often turn to dubious sources of information, and that shapes unhealthy attitudes towards these matters in later life. All this, however, could soon change, if the resource kit the Union health ministry has drafted for adolescent health education is widely adopted to inform young adults about these matters. The resource-kit, drafted as a guide to train 1.65 lakh peer-to-peer educators called saathiya, encourages a progressive stand on a wide range of issues such as consent, gender stereotypes, etc.

The most striking change from the past is that the resource-kit addresses the issue of homosexuality squarely—deeming same-sex attraction natural—and advises against discrimination. It also comes out strongly against unhealthy gender stereotypes, reinforced in common perceptions of what constitutes masculine and feminine behaviour, and gender-based violence. There is also relevant information about contraception—teenage pregnancy in India is more than twice as common in US and ten times that of Western Europe, though this has more to do with girls being married off early here—and sexual behaviour that is of immense import in a largely prudish country. With 26 crore adolescents in India, the resource kit and the saathiya initiative are an opportunity to build the right attitudes towards sexual and reproductive health and gender in the adults of tomorrow.

 

McGill graduate spearheads PornHub’s new sex ed initiative

McGill graduate spearheads PornHub’s new sex ed initiative

Pornhub, the largest online provider of pornography, launched a new initiative website on Feb. 1. Called the Sexual Wellness Center, it is the first sexual education website undertaken by a pornographic website.

SexualWellnessCenter

“At the Pornhub Sexual Wellness Center, we are fully dedicated to your health and education, and to create a place where information pertaining to the physical, psychological, and even the most intimate aspects of sex is available to all,” Dr. Laurie Betito, 1988 McGill University graduate in psychology and Montreal-based clinical psychologist, explained.

Betito is the creator of Pornhub’s new initiative and the author of the majority of its content. The Sexual Wellness Center also brings in experts to contribute articles about reproductive health, anatomy, and sexually-transmitted infections, including Dr. Zhana Vranglova, an associate professor of psychology at New York University.

Pornhub had an estimated 21.2 billion visits in 2015, which, according to Betito, is an enormous population who the Sexual Wellness Center would be able to reach.

“Pornography, is […] all just fantasy,” Betito said. “But, unfortunately, it is sometimes the only sort of sexual education people receive and if it’s possible that this website could potentially reach millions of people, it would be a step in the right direction.”

The Sexual Wellness Center also encourages visitors to send in questions regarding any aspect of sex. Betito’s latest responses answer questions regarding the female orgasm and male virginity.

“In just a few weeks, we have received hundreds of questions, telling us that the site has already gained some traction,” Betito said.

According to statistics published by the Guttmacher Institute, a U.S. sexual and reproductive health think tank, 76 per cent of public and private U.S. schools taught abstinence as the best method of avoiding pregnancy. Furthermore, 88 per cent of all U.S. schools allowed parents to remove their children from sexual education classes. Instead, the extensive accessibility of pornography influences children’s and young adults’ views on sex, in particular with respect to its physical aspects.

Not everyone agrees that Pornhub’s sex education initiative is decidedly beneficial. Quartz had a more skeptical outlook on the website.

“The ironies of Pornhub’s endeavor, of course, are clear,” Leah Fessler wrote in Quartz. “If any industry has negatively impacted young people’s understanding of healthy sexual behavior, it’s mainstream porn. And if any company epitomizes mainstream porn, it’s Pornhub. [Pornhub’s Sexual Wellness Center’s] site collectively feels like a wash of disconnected, elementary, and at times, even inaccurate information which, without proper context, serves limited educative power.”

It is too early to determine the efficacy of the Sexual Wellness Center as the site only launched a few weeks ago. However, according to Betito, Pornhub releases an annual report on the viewership of its content and this new initiative is very likely to also be included in the statistics.

There are still some technical issues to address as the Sexual Wellness Center is set in motion. From Pornhub’s main site, it is currently impossible to navigate to the Sexual Wellness Center. Betito responded that she is working on resolving the issue and increasing the visibility of the site.

“Pornhub has told me they are working on it,” Betito explained. “We just got started a couple of weeks ago. They will also post some banners to advertise in between the videos.”

Betito also responded to accusations that Pornhub is pursuing sex ed just to get more clicks.

“I want to make it clear that this is not some sort of publicity stunt by Pornhub to attract more people to their site,” Betito said. “They already have enough traffic as it is.”

Aesthetically, the Sexual Wellness Center has distinguished itself from its mainstream partner. The website’s pale blue background is in stark contrast to the black and orange theme featuring Pornhub’s more explicit materials.

With Pornhub’s bold new initiative, other pornographic websites may follow suit. Just this month, the adult website xHamster protested Utah’s refusal to adopt a comprehensive sexual education program by redirecting traffic from the state to websites hosting sexual education videos. Utah currently provides abstinence education only.

Time to make amends: world has let down the girls

Time to make amends: world has let down the girls

THE GLOBAL community has made commendable progress in arresting the spread of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the past four decades. AIDS is no more a death sentence as millions of people are now leading healthy lives, thanks to life-saving medications. Even in poor countries, including Africa, HIV infection rate has declined dramatically. But HIV infection rate among adolescent girls and young women remains high, mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa.

UNIADS has raised the alarm that a large number of teenage girls and young women aged between 15 and 24 years across the globe are being inflicted by HIV every week.

It is said that in 2014, about half of all adolescents living with HIV globally were living in six countries, five of which are in Africa.

In Eastern and Southern Africa, 74 percent of new HIV infections among adolescents are among girls aged 15-19, and AIDS-related illnesses are the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age.

These damning statistics are a clear indication that there is urgent need for new innovative HIV prevention interventions and approaches to reach adolescent girls and young women.

It is further testament that along the way – during the fierce battle against HIV/AIDS   the world somehow failed to empower adolescent girls and young women.

And it is time to change course. Policy makers, including parents, first need to wake up from the slumber. As adults, we need to come to terms with the reality that young people know more than what we think.

They are living in a fast-paced world dictated by the digital information age.

They are consuming too much information from the Internet, including sexual content, but without proper guidance from the elders.

Pressure is now on our policy makes, especially in health and education sectors, to chart a new course regarding the welfare of our young girls.

And we are grateful that this message has reached home in our region where the problem is said to be calamitous.

About 100 delegates from east and Southern Africa recently gathered in Namibian capital, Windhoek, to strategise on how best to reach adolescent girls and young women with HIV prevention in the context of sexual and reproductive health and rights.

The picture that emerged from the gathering is that governments and all stakeholders, including parents, are paying little attention to the dangers of HIV infections among teenagers of reproductive age. That we have been too gullible to assume that teenagers are not engaged in sex – more so in risky sexual behaviours.

“The important thing is not to deny that sex happens, but to teach them about all the consequences.

It is ignorance, not education that puts young people at risk,” according Namibian health minister, Dr Bernard Haufiku.

Minister Haufiku made an assessment that it is crucial to educate our teens mostly girls about sexual relationships. In the absence of a cure for HIV/AIDS, the minister calls for a shift in socio-cultural and religious beliefs that remain a stumbling block to an effective sex education.  Haufiku further observed that: “Our sexuality and maintaining sexual health are lifelong processes that begin at birth and continue throughout life and children should be educated about it at tender age.”

Until we break the sex talk taboo – our young ones are bound to make costly mistakes early in their lives. But who is going to educate them if the majority of parents in Africa, including teachers grew up in an environment where talking about sexuality issues is a big ‘NO’. If parents cannot have candid sex talks with their kids, who is going to do it? One blogger on a South African open online forum ‘Ukweli Wa Mambo’ charted a new course for governments in the region.

The blogger wrote that: “How about our governments’ partner with young African movers and shakers, who are already making a difference in our communities.

Allow them to regularly speak to the children as older brothers and sisters or friends instead of authority figures. Open the communication channels and perhaps we can combat teenage pregnancy and reduce sexually transmitted diseases.”

Safer Sex Week | Use A Condom Plus One – For Everyone’s Protection

Safer Sex Week | Use A Condom Plus One – For Everyone’s Protection

2017-02-15

Condom + Another Contraceptive = #UltimateProtection’ is the theme for this year’s Safer Sex Week – February 13-18. The aim is to push for the use of dual contraceptive in the fight against unwanted pregnancy and sexual transmitted diseases (STDs).

condompluspillo220017

Condoms are an effective method to protect against pregnancy, HIV and other STDs, but according to the National Family Planning Board Sexual and Reproductive Health Agency (NFPB-SRHA), it is always best to have a back-up method such as the Pill, injection or an intrauterine device.

The latest data in the 2016 UNAIDS Prevention Gap Report found that the highest increase of new HIV infections is within the 15-29 age group. In addition, one per cent of all live births in Jamaica are to adolescent girls, many of whom reported that their pregnancy was either mistimed or unwanted.

As a result, the NFPB-SRHA is pushing the use of dual method of contraceptive for all ages, and urging everyone to take responsibility for their own sexual and reproductive health.

 

ALWAYS IN FASHION

 

On a regional level, Dr Kevin Harvey, Caribbean regional director of the AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF), said for Safer Sex Week his organisation is putting the spotlight on the need to mainstream condom use to encourage persons to join the prevention efforts in the fight against HIV/AIDS and other STDs by protecting themselves and their partners.

“Although we have made impressive gains in Jamaica and the Caribbean, our young people, particularly girls, remain at risk. We, therefore, will continue to encourage condom use, especially among this cohort, and stress that in order for us to solidify our gains and reduce the impact of this disease on the present and next generations, condoms have to always be in fashion and are the smart choice to make when engaging in sexual activity,” Harvey explained.

AHF, the largest global AIDS organisation operating in 38 countries, will be working closely with Jamaica AIDS Support for Life (JASL) and the NFPB-SRHA to undertake activities and events across the island for Safer Sex Week geared at encouraging condom use and empowering persons to take charge of their sexual and reproductive health. This will include free condom distribution.

“Condoms are always in fashion, but they are not always available, affordable or attractive. Condoms are still the most effective way to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, as well as preventing unwanted pregnancies,” stated Terri Ford, chief of global advocacy and policy for AHF.

 

SAFER SEX TIPS

 

– BYOC (bring your own condom). Don’t rely on a partner to have condoms. Always have your own supply, and check the expiration dates before use.

– Examine genitalia. Look at your own and your partner’s genital area for any changes, including sores, discharge or unusual odours.

– Get tested and treated for STDs. Regular testing will help to reduce the risk of transmitting STDs to others.

– Have one partner at a time. Multiple partners increase your chance of getting STDs.

– Don’t use two condoms at once. Two lubricated condoms can get slippery against each other and can fall off, leaving you unprotected for both pregnancy and STDs. Use one condom plus another form of contraceptive.

– Stay sober. Drinking or using drugs lowers your ability to make good decisions and make safer choices. Staying sober will help you to keep a calm, level head at all times.

– Role-play safer-sex conversations with friends. Brainstorming strategies for dealing with difficult responses and practising what to say can help you to be more comfortable and assertive when the time comes to deal with it for real.

– Create your own list of limits and boundaries. And be firm about them with your partner

– Safer-sex practices. Make these a part of the sexual activity to increase the fun and pleasure. For example, put on male or female condoms together or for each other.

– Don’t rush into higher-risk activities. First take your time with low- or no-risk activities, which can help build trust, comfort level and communication.

– Avoid pressure. Don’t be forced into something you are not sure of or are uncomfortable doing. If your partner is forcing you to do something you do not want to do and won’t take no for an answer, get out of that relationship as quickly as possible.

– No guilt. Don’t feel bad or guilty about not wanting to do something. It is your right to refuse and to do only what you are comfortable doing.

JKUAT Students Develop Sophie Bot Sexual Reproductive Health App

JKUAT Students Develop Sophie Bot Sexual Reproductive Health App

2017-02-13

A group of six students from Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology created SophieBot, an application revolutionizing access to sexual health information in Kenya. According to a post on the JKUAT website, “Sophie is an intelligent system that is fed with verified information on sexuality and sexual reproductive health and relays the information to its users through conversations that are driven by text or voice chats. Her features include anonymous forums and digital chat bots built in on the app, Facebook, Telegram, Messenger and Twitter.”

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Likened to the Artificial Intelligence Apple program Siri, Sophie Bot sources its answers from 10,000 base questions. Striving to be better with every user who signs up to the program, the SophieBot team continues to make changes to ensure it serves users better. The innovation features a chatbot where users can ask questions to Sophie. It also includes a forum where individuals could anonymously ask questions to a community of users.

 

The young group of passionate millennials is lead by Irving Amukusa, an undergraduate student studying Actuarial Science. He is a self-taught developer with a passion for tech. Derick Mureithi a Software developer who was ranked first runner-up in Hack4Farming by Awhere with Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation holds the title of Chief Technology Officer. The team of six also includes Rashid Beduni Mwagonga, Nicholas Wambua, John Nzau Makau and the only woman on the team Beverly Mutindi, Chief Financial Officer.

 

Although the team has faced several challenges including funding the idea, they got their big break in 2016 when they exhibited their idea at the Nailab. According to Business Daily, The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in collaboration with Nailab, hosted the event. SophieBot was among the lucky 4 announced as winning innovations around sex involved in an iAccelerator programme. The app is set to demystify the sensitive subject matter of sex, sexually transmitted disease and more by giving the youth access to the information right on their phones.

 

Ulster University research to maximise sexual wellbeing for men and their partners after a prostate cancer diagnosis

Ulster University research to maximise sexual wellbeing for men and their partners after a prostate cancer diagnosis

2017-02-07

World-leading researchers at Ulster University are set to lead a £430,000 pioneering  international research programme in the UK, the US and Canada, which aims to improve the sexual health of men, and their partners, after a prostate cancer diagnosis.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and treatments can lead to a number of physical and emotional challenges. In Northern Ireland there are over 8,000 men living with and after prostate cancer and there are over 330,000 men living with the disease UK wide. More than three-quarters (76 per cent) of those who have had treatment for prostate cancer report experiencing erectile dysfunction.

Ulster University’s new three year study will see the creation of three new flexible support packages designed to address individual needs and empower men and their partners to manage their sexual health challenges prior to and after treatment.

The resources include a web-based sexual recovery programme for men and their partners, an engagement tool to ensure quality communication between health professionals and men and partners, and an online sexual health training programme for health professionals caring for men living with prostate cancer. 

Ulster University’s research is supported with a £400,000 grant from the TrueNTH global initiative led by the Movember Foundation in collaboration with Prostate Cancer UK. A further £30,000 has also been awarded from the HSC Public Health Agency to further support the study.

The research will be led by Professor Eilís McCaughan at Ulster University’s Institute of Nursing and Health Research alongside colleagues from the Northern Ireland Cancer Centre at Belfast City Hospital; Ninewells Hospital, Dundee; University of Surrey; University of Southampton; University of Michigan; and University of Toronto.

Ulster University’s Professor Eilís McCaughan said: “Sexual dysfunction experienced by men after prostate cancer treatment can have a devastating effect on them as individuals and on their relationships.

“Men are often reluctant to discuss personal sexual issues and there is also evidence that health professionals have limited time available to provide necessary levels of care and support for men and their partners.

“The results of this new research will provide much needed guidance and help restore sexual health to a level of satisfaction for both the man and his partner.

“The new resources we develop will provide them both with crucial need-to-know information on the possible consequences of the different forms of treatment and where to seek information and support to self-manage their condition.”

Dr Sarah Cant, Director of TrueNTH and Outcomes at Prostate Cancer UK said: “When it comes to treating erectile dysfunction following prostate cancer treatment, early support and treatment is vital. This programme is a tremendous step towards ensuring that no man who has been treated for prostate cancer is left to deal with erectile dysfunction alone. We look forward to the results of the project and hope it will lead to improved support and experiences for all men.”

Paul Villanti, Executive Director of Programs of the Movember Foundation said:

“The Movember Foundation is committed to improving the lives of men with prostate cancer through the creation of our TrueNTH program. TrueNTH is a nautical term; it’s a compass point, it’s an idea that if we can understand the individual patients’ needs when they are first diagnosed, we can help them navigate towards the ultimate outcome they want to see. The funding of this programme would not be possible without the continued support from our Movember community, to whom we’re extremely grateful for their efforts.”

Hepatitis A on the rise among gay and bisexual men

Hepatitis A on the rise among gay and bisexual men

2017-02-02

Public Health England has identified an increase of Hepatitis A cases across England.

Doctor

The increase has been noticed mostly among gay and bisexual men, some of which are associated with travel to Spain. While the numbers are small, Public Health England say it’s unusual to see so many linked cases.

Dr Michael Edelstein, Consultant Epidemiologist in the Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, said: “Public Health England is aware of an increase in hepatitis A cases, where we believe the infection has been spread through sex, most cases occurring in gay and bisexual men.

“Hepatitis A can be prevented by practising good personal hygiene, so we recommend gay and bisexual men wash their hands after sex and change condoms between any kind of sex to reduce their risk of getting hepatitis A.

“Those who are concerned can seek advice from sexual health services about whether they would benefit from hepatitis A vaccination.”

According to Public Health England, symptoms of Hepatitis A can include nausea and vomiting; diarrhoea; loss of appetite; weight loss; jaundice; itchy skin; and a short, mild, flu-like illness.

Some people may have no symptoms at all, but can still pass on the virus to others.

While the disease is mainly spread through contaminated food or from person to person through inadequate hand-washing, it can also be spread through sex, including both oral and anal sex.

More information about Hepatitis A can be found on the NHS website.

IU study examines sexual risk-taking, HIV prevention among older adults in sub-Saharan Africa

IU study examines sexual risk-taking, HIV prevention among older adults in sub-Saharan Africa

One of the most common myths around older adults is that they are not sexually active. But a recent study conducted by researchers at Indiana University found that older men and women do maintain sexual relationships even into their 80s and beyond. Since older adults are often ignored in sexual health education, the possibility for HIV transmission is heightened.

The study, conducted by Molly Rosenberg, assistant professor of epidemiology and biostatics in the IU School of Public Health-Bloomington, was recently published in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. It looked at the unmet needs for HIV prevention among older adults in sub-Saharan Africa, one of the first studies of its kind to report sexual risk-taking among older adults in that region.

“Our study found that older adults are sexually active, and they report sexual risk behaviors — low condom use, casual sex and multiple recent partners — that are consistent with sexual transmission of disease,” Rosenberg said. “This marks a huge potential for ongoing HIV transmission in older South Africans, and highlights the need for expanded HIV testing and counseling that can change behavior and help reduce new HIV transmission.”

Researchers analyzed data from 5,059 men and women age 40 and older from the study “Health and Aging in Africa: Longitudinal Studies of INDEPTH Communities,” conducted in rural Mpumalanga province in South Africa. Of those enrolled, 46 percent were men, 51 percent were currently married, and 46 percent had no formal education. The research looked at HIV prevalence, described their sexual behaviors and compared those behaviors across HIV status categories, using both self-reported and laboratory-confirmed HIV status data.

Older adults receive little attention when it comes to HIV prevention research and interventions, although growing evidence shows they make up a fast-increasing proportion of people living with HIV, in part because of the impact of large-scale HIV treatment on reducing deaths from the disease. Research on the group remains scarce, however, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where most of the world’s 37 million people infected with HIV live, and prevention measures focus mostly on younger adults.

“This is really the first generation of South Africans we’ve seen aging with HIV,” Rosenberg said.

Overall, HIV prevalence among people in the study was high, at 23 percent, and did not differ between men and women. About one-third of respondents reported never having been tested for HIV, and among those with confirmed infections, nearly half did not yet know they were living with HIV.

Regarding sexual activity, more than half of participants reported at least one sex partner within the past two years. Men tended to maintain sexual partnerships at relatively high rates across older ages, only dropping to 52 percent at age 80 and older. The proportion of women with recent sexual partners decreased more steeply with age, dropping to 6 percent at age 80 and older.

Individuals who reported condom use decreased with age in both men and women, as did those reporting casual or anonymous sex. Condom use was highest, at 75 percent, among those who were HIV positive, but only if they knew their status. Of those who were HIV positive but unaware of their status, only 27 percent regularly used condoms.

One in 10 participants also reported that their most recent sex partners were casual or anonymous. Casual sex was lowest among HIV-negative adults, at 9 percent, and higher among both HIV-positive groups (29 percent of those aware of their HIV status and 18 percent of those who were unaware). The results, Rosenberg said, show not only a commonality among sexually active young people and older people, but also the need for targeted intervention among older adults.

The study calls for inclusion of older adults in HIV prevention, with messages created directly for that demographic, and intensified counseling and motivation about sexual transmission risk and universal HIV testing.

“To control the HIV epidemic in South Africa, we need to reach everyone who is vulnerable to HIV,” Rosenberg said. “And our paper shows that older adults should clearly be considered as HIV-vulnerable.”

The Health and Aging in Africa: Longitudinal Studies of INDEPTH Communities study was funded by the National Institute on Aging. Lisa Berkman, Harvard School of Public Health, is principal investigator. HAALSI is nested within the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System, led by Stephen Tollman and Kathleen Kahn, with funding from Wellcome Trust, University of the Witwatersrand, and Medical Research Council, South Africa. Rosenberg’s paper, “Sexual Behaviors and HIV Status: A Population-Based Study Among Older Adults in Rural South Africa,” was a collaborative effort with key co-authors from the Harvard School of Public Health and the University of the Witwatersrand.